Test2

We introduce the interaction library Squidy, which eases the design of natural user interfaces by unifying relevant frameworks and toolkits in a common library. Squidy provides a central design environment based on high-level visual data flow programming combined with zoomable user interface concepts. The user interface offers a Simple visual language and a collection of ready-to-use devices, filters and interaction techniques. The concept of semantic zooming enables nevertheless access to more advanced functionality on demand. Thus, users are able to adjust the complexity of the user interface to their current need and knowledge.

We present Adaptive Pointing, a novel approach to addressing the common problem of accuracy when using absolute pointing devices for distant interaction. The intention behind this approach is to improve pointing performance for absolute input devices by implicitly adapting the Control-Display gain to the current user's needs without violating users' mental model of absolute-device operation. First evaluation results show that Adaptive Pointing leads to a significant improvement compared with absolute pointing in terms of movement time (19%), error rate (63%), and user satisfaction.

Während klassische Experimente oder Usability Tests oft nur eine Momentaufnahme darstellen, ermöglichen es Längsschnittstudien auch Veränderungen zu beobachten und zu einem ökologisch valideren Gesamtbild der Gebrauchstauglichkeit zu gelangen. Bislang werden derartige Verfahren aber noch sehr selten in der Mensch-Computer Interaktion eingesetzt. In diesem Beitrag wird auf Basis einer umfangreichen Literaturanalyse eine Taxonomie vorgestellt, die einen Überblick über die vielfältigen Möglichkeiten von Längsschnittstudien ermöglicht. Hierdurch kann sowohl der wissenschaftliche Diskurs verbessert werden, um die bekannten Ansätze weiter zu verbessern, als auch dem praktischen Anwender Hilfestellung in Planung und Durchführung einer Längsschnittstudie gegeben werden.

In contrast to the pioneers of multimodal interaction e.g. Richard Bolt in the late seventies, today s researchers can benefit of a wide variety of existing interaction techniques, devices and frameworks. Although these tools are available, the usage of them is still a great challenge particularly in terms of usability. A major issue results from the trade-off between the functionality of the system and the simplicity of use. We introduce a novel visual user interface concept which is especially designed to ease the design and development of post-WIMP user interfaces including multimodal interaction. It provides an integrated design environment for our interaction library Squidy based on high-level visual data flow programming combined with zoomable user interface concepts. The user interface offers a simple visual language and a collection of ready-to-use devices, filters and interaction techniques. We specifically address the trade-off between functionality and simplicity by utilizing the concept of semantic zooming which enables dynamic access to more advanced functionality on demand. Thus, developers as well as interaction designers are able to adjust the complexity of the Squidy user interface to their current need and knowledge.

We present Adaptive Pointing, a novel approach to addressing the common problem of accuracy when using absolute pointing devices for distant interaction. First, we discuss extensively some related work concerning the problem-domain of pointing accuracy when using absolute or relative pointing devices. As a result, we introduce a novel classification scheme to more clearly discriminate between different approaches. Second, the Adaptive Pointing technique is presented and described in detail. The intention behind this approach is to improve pointing performance for absolute input devices by implicitly adapting the Control-Display gain to the current user‟s needs without violating users‟ mental model of absolute-device operation. Third, we present an experiment comparing Adaptive Pointing with pure absolute pointing using a laser-pointer as an example of an absolute device. The results show that Adaptive Pointing results in a significant improvement compared with absolute pointing in terms of movement time (19%), error rate (63%), and user satisfaction.

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dc.contributor.author: König, Werner A.

Knowledge work is a demanding activity caused on the one hand by the increasing complexity of today s information spaces. On the other hand, knowledge workers are acting correspondingly to an individual creative workflow, which involves multifaceted characteristics like diverse activities, locations, environments and social contexts. Although it is important to find solutions to specific aspects of knowledge work (information-seeking, information-management, media-warehousing, etc.) our design approach MedioVis 2.0 tries to support the entire workflow in one coalescing Knowledge Media Workbench, showcased in the context of digital libraries. To achieve this goal, we apply the concept of zoomable user interfaces, different visualization techniques and investigate additional considerations to provide a satisfying user experience.

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dc.contributor.author: König, Werner A.

Der Einsatz von Werkzeugen aus dem Bereich der Informationsvisualisierung im privaten Alltag, beispielsweise beim Stöbern in digitalen Bibliotheken wie einer Filmdatenbank, stellt Entwickler vor neue Herausforderungen bezüglich des Interaktionsdesigns muss dieses doch den deutlich höheren Anforderungen der zumeist unerfahrenen Nutzer hinsichtlich der Gebrauchstauglichkeit genügen. Ein möglicher Lösungsansatz könnte hierbei in dem kombinierten Einsatz möglichst einfacher Werkzeuge, die auf einem einheitlichen Interaktionsdesign basieren, liegen. Dieser Beitrag führt die Arbeit aus (Reiterer et al. 2005) fort und zeigt am Beispiel eines Punktdiagramms, dem HyperScatter auf, wie die dort vorgestellte Modellierung des Informationsraums in Kombination mit Zoomtechniken auf andere Werkzeuge übertragbar ist und hierdurch das Ziel eines einheitlichen Interaktionsdesigns erreicht wird. Weiterhin wurde der HyperScatter in einer neuartigen zweiwöchigen Längsschnitt-Evaluationsstudie auf seine Gebrauchstauglichkeit hin überprüft sowie auf seine Fähigkeit, als alleinstehendes Werkzeug den Benutzer in seiner Informationssuche zu unterstützen.

In this paper we will describe a new approach to navigation and interaction with the visualization of a data space of an electronic product data management (EPDM) system. The main problems are the amount of data and therefore the location of an item of interest, show specific relations and narrow or expand the information space. We combine a scalable visualization of the hierarchical data space with search and filter techniques like dynamic queries and direct manipulation to solve the stated problems. We assume that the proposed concept for EPDM can be adapted to data spaces like social networks or company structures.

User-Interface-(UI)-Spezifikationsprozesse involvieren unterschiedliche Akteure mit jeweils eigenen Ausdrucksmitteln. Dadurch ergeben sich Herausforderungen bei der Umsetzung von Anforderungen in gutes UI-Design. Durch einen Mangel an interdisziplinären und kollaborativen Methoden und Werkzeugen dominieren dabei vor allem textbasierte Spezifikationsdokumente. Diese reichen jedoch mangels Interaktivität nicht aus, um innovative und kreative Prozesse zu unterstützen. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir eine Spezifikationstechnik vor, mit der Benutzer-, Aufgaben- und Interaktionsmodelle mit unterschiedlich detailliertem UI-Design verbunden werden. Dadurch entsteht eine erlebbare UI-Simulation, die im Vergleich zu interaktiven UI-Prototypen zusätzlich den visuellen Drill-Down zu Artefakten der Anforderungsermittlung erlaubt. Das Resultat bezeichnen wir als interaktive UI-Spezifikation, mit der eine höhere Transparenz und Nachvollziehbarkeit im Spezifikationsprozess möglich ist.

In this paper we introduce the novel user interface paradigm ZOIL (Zoomable Object-Oriented Information Landscape). ZOIL is aimed at unifying all types of local and remote information items with their connected functionality and with their mutual relations in a single visual workspace as a replacement of today s desktop metaphor. This workspace can serve as an integrated work environment for traditional personal information management (PIM), but can also be used for PIM tasks in a wider sense. By formulating ZOIL s fundamental design principles we describe the interaction style, visualization techniques and interface physics of a ZOIL user interface. Furthermore we discuss ZOIL s ability to provide nomadic PIM environments for mobile and stationary use.

We introduce a UI specification tool that interactively integrates interdisciplinary and informal modelling languages with different fidelities of UI prototyping. Our innovative experimental tool, called INSPECTOR, is the first tool that assembles models and design into a UI specification with a zoom-based visualization approach.

Specifying user interfaces consists in a fundamental activity in the user interface development life cycle as it informs the subsequent steps. Good quality specifications could lead to a user interface that satisfies the user s needs. The user interface development life cycle typically involves multiple ac-tors possessing all their own particular inputs of user interface artifacts ex-pressed with their own formats, thus posing new constraints for integrating them into comprehensive and consistent specifications of a future user interface. This paper introduces a design technique where these actors can introduce their artifacts by sketching them in their respective input format so as to integrate them into one or multiple output formats. Each artifact can be introduced in a particular level of fidelity (ranging from low to high) and switched to an adja-cent level of fidelity after appropriate refining. Refined artifacts are then cap-tured in appropriate models stored in a model repository. In this way, co-evolutionary design of user interfaces is introduced, defined, and supported by a collaborative design tool allowing multiple inputs and multiple outputs. This design paradigm is exemplified on a case study and has been tested in an empir-ical study revealing how designers appreciate it.

When the user interface (UI) has to be specified, a picture is worth a thousand words, and the worst thing one can do is attempt to write a natural language specification for it. Nevertheless, this practice is still common, and it is therefore a difficult task to move from text-based requirements and problem-space concepts to a final UI design, and then back again. Especially for the specification of interactive UIs, however, actors must frequently switch between high-level descriptions and detailed screens. In our research we found that advanced UI specifications therefore have to be made up of interconnected artefacts that have distinct levels of abstraction. With regards to the transparency and traceability of the rationale of the UI specification, transitions and dependencies must be visual and traversable. We introduce a model-based UI specification method that interactively integrates interdisciplinary and informal modelling languages with different fidelities of UI prototyping to an interactive design rationale. With an innovative experimental tool we assemble models and design to an interactive UI specification. With a zoomable user interface (ZUI) approach, we can visualize the modelled artefacts and the overall UI specification space on desktop computers as well as on megapixel displays.

In this paper we argue for a combined approach of logging analysis and interview techniques to evaluate the usability of web distributed applications. Logging analysis has proven as an efficient and effective method to investigate websites usability. However it seems insufficient for more complex applications. We outline a case study of a library search system, in which users' information seeking behavior is investigated with both the analysis of log files and qualitative interviews with real users. We argue that such an approach should provide a more accurate usability assessment of the system, especially when users' performance in a long-run is investigated.

Innerhalb der Bildungsinstitution Museum entstehen durch den Einsatz von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IuK) neue Möglichkeiten der Informationsvermittlung. Im Blended Museum wird versucht, virtuelle und reale Präsentationsformen miteinander zu vermischen. Dies ermöglicht hybride Vermittlungsstrategien, die neue und vor allem vielfältigere Besuchererfahrungen erlauben, als dies mit konventionellen Hilfsmitteln möglich ist.

The development of complex web-based information spaces faces very demanding challenges. Requirements analysis and design demands interdisciplinary modelling approaches. When using typical paper-based methods, an IT organization often experiences frustrating communication issues between teams as well as with suppliers. We present a toolkit for XML-based prototyping of corporate websites at Daimler AG. The approach beats a new path towards interactive specifications of user interface (UI) requirements and the substitution of paper-based artifacts.

We employ Laserpointer-Interaction as an intuitive, direct and flexible interaction concept particularly for large, highresolution displays which enforce physical navigation. We therefore demonstrate general applicability and suitability by applying Laserpointer-Interaction to a wide range of domains from scientific applications and formal experiments to artistic installations for the broad public.

In diesem Beitrag stellen wir die Konzeption, Gestaltung und Realisierung eines interaktiven Systems zur Bildersuche vor. Unternehmen verfügen oft über umfangreiche heterogene Bildsammlungen, die sehr unterschiedlichen Zielgruppen innerhalb und außerhalb des Unternehmens zur Verfügung gestellt werden müssen. Die Größe und Heterogenität dieser Bildsammlungen bedingt, dass es oft schwierig ist relevante Bilder nach spezifischen Kriterien zu finden. Wir haben ein webbasiertes System zur Bildersuche am Beispiel einer Bildersammlung von ca. 13.000 Fahrzeugbildern entwickelt. Damit zeigen wir eine innovative Lösung auf, die über ein zoombasiertes Interaktionskonzept mit umfangreichen Such-, Kategorisierung- und Filtermöglichkeiten verfügt und dieses mit einer Komponente zur Ähnlichkeitssuche kombiniert. Erste informale Evaluationen werden beschrieben. Sie zeigen, dass wir dadurch eine neue Qualität bei der Suche in großen heterogenen Bildersammlungen ermöglichen. Diese basiert vor allem auf einer visuellen und kategorialen Darstellung der Inhalte bzw. der Suchergebnisse. Ein fließender Übergang zwischen zielgerichteter Suche und explorativem Browsen wird dadurch unterstützt.

Human beings perceive their surroundings based on sensory information from diverse channels. However, for humancomputer interaction we mostly restrict the user on visual perception. To investigate the effect of additional tactile feedback on pointing and selection tasks we conducted a comparative evaluation study based on ISO 9241-9. The 20 participants performed horizontal and vertical one-directional tapping tasks with hand gesture input with and without tactile feedback on a large, high resolution display. In contrast to previous research we cannot confirm a benefit of tactile feedback on user performance. Our results show no significant effect in terms of effective index of performance and even a significant higher error rate for horizontal target alignment when using tactile feedback. Furthermore we found a significant difference in favor of the horizontal target alignment compared to the vertical one in terms of the effective index of performance.

When the user interface (UI) has to be specified, a picture is worth a thousand words and the worst thing a human-computer interaction (HCI) expert can do is attempt to write a natural language specification for it. Nevertheless, this practice is still common and it is therefore a difficult task to move from text-based requirements and problem-space concepts to a final UI design, and then back again. Especially for the specification of interactive UIs, however, HCI experts must frequently switch between high-level descriptions and detailed screens. In our research we found that advanced UI specifications therefore have to be made up of interconnected artefacts that have distinct levels of abstraction. With regards to the transparency and traceability of the rationale of the UI specification, transitions and dependencies must be visual and traversable. We introduce a UI specification method that interactively integrates interdisciplinary and informal modelling languages with different fidelities of UI prototyping. With an innovative experimental tool, we finally assemble models and design to a visual UI specification that will quickly take the place of text-based artefacts.